Microbiome
The endometrial microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms present within the uterine cavity. A favorable microbiome is characterized by the presence of Lactobacillus species, which appear to support embryo implantation and limit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. When Lactobacilli are reduced and other bacterial species become more prevalent, this condition is known as dysbiosis and may be associated with implantation failures, recurrent miscarriages, chronic endometritis, and infertility. The assessment is performed through specialized sampling of the endometrium (endometrial biopsy) followed by molecular analysis.
Chronic endometritis
Chronic endometritis is a mild inflammation of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) that persists for a prolonged period and often goes unnoticed, as it is frequently asymptomatic.
Rare symptoms include irregular bleeding, mild lower abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge. Chronic endometritis has also been associated with recurrent miscarriages and implantation failures following in vitro fertilization. It is usually caused by bacteria, following vaginal or cervical infections, miscarriage, childbirth, or other uterine procedures, as well as sexually transmitted infections. It may affect fertility by altering endometrial receptivity and consequently impairing embryo implantation and development. Diagnostic tools include hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy.
It is an important but reversible factor contributing to infertility and can be treated with antibiotic therapy.
Immunological Environment
Endometrial immunological assessment is a specialized test that evaluates the immune environment of the uterus, mainly in women with fertility problems, implantation failures following in vitro fertilization (IVF), or recurrent miscarriages. However, it should be used with caution and on an individualized basis. As the endometrium plays an active role in immune regulation, this examination evaluates immune cells (e.g., NK cells), inflammatory molecules, and the balance between immunological factors and immune responses within the uterine cavity. The assessment is performed through an endometrial biopsy obtained during a specific phase of the menstrual cycle, followed by analysis of immunological markers in a specialized laboratory. Depending on the results, the treatment protocol may be adjusted accordingly.
Receptivity
Endometrial immunological assessment is a specialized test that evaluates the immune environment of the uterus, mainly in women with fertility problems, implantation failures following in vitro fertilization (IVF), or recurrent miscarriages. However, it should be used with caution and on an individualized basis. As the endometrium plays an active role in immune regulation, this examination evaluates immune cells (e.g., NK cells), inflammatory molecules, and the balance between immunological factors and immune responses within the uterine cavity. The assessment is performed through an endometrial biopsy obtained during a specific phase of the menstrual cycle, followed by analysis of immunological markers in a specialized laboratory. Depending on the results, the treatment protocol may be adjusted accordingly.